PRRSV為有囊膜的單股正鏈RNA病毒,屬于套式病毒目,動脈炎病毒科,分為兩個基因型:Genotype1和Genotype2。Genotype1也稱為歐洲型,Genotype2也稱為美洲型。美洲型藍耳病病毒按照ORF5序列,分為至少9個譜系(lineage1~9)和37個亞譜系(sublin-eage);Nsp2是PRRSV 中最長且變異程度最大的非結構蛋白,不同PRRSV的Nsp2基因具有顯著的差異,也可作為分類依據。
三、限制性片段長度多態性(RFLP)分析的原理及應用
藍耳病的RFLP分型是根據酶MluI、HincII和SacII在ORF5限制位點上的酶切模式形成3個數字代碼[11]。基因譜系是基于ORF5分子特征的遺傳進化分析,RFLP是基于ORF5基因的多態性分析。中美兩國在PRRSV分類模式上存在差別,中國以分子特征(Nsp2缺失和ORF5序列比對)分型,美國以RFLP(ORF5)進行分型。以類NADC34為例,當前類NADC34毒株ORF5基因以RFLP1-7-4居多,但同時也存在1-4-4、1-7-2、1-7-3等類型,RFLP 分類方式無法代表具有同一致病特性的一類毒株, RFLP基因分型在深入了解病毒的致病性方面無效,以分子特征(Nsp2缺失和ORF5序列比對)分型更符合當前國內復雜的疾病形式。
結果分析:
隨著熒光定量PCR等檢測方法的應用,PRRSV1的檢出變得普遍。其中廣東[19]和廣西[20]地區的檢測顯示歐洲型 PRRSV在中國存在擴散,可能會造成該病毒在一定區域內的流行,給養豬場帶來一定的危害。
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